Financial risk management

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Financial risk management is the practice of economic value in a firm by using financial instruments to manage exposure to risk: operational risk, credit risk and market risk, foreign exchange risk, shape risk, volatility risk, liquidity risk, inflation risk, business risk, legal risk, reputational risk, sector risk etc. Similar to general risk management, financial risk management requires identifying its sources, measuring it, and plans to address them.

Financial risk management can be qualitative and quantitative. As a specialization of risk management, financial risk management focuses on when and how to hedge using financial instruments to manage costly exposures to risk.

In the banking sector worldwide, the Basel Accords are generally adopted by internationally active banks for tracking, reporting and exposing operational, credit and market risks.

Video Financial risk management

Uses of financial risk management

Finance theory (i.e., financial economics) prescribes that a firm should take on a project if it increases shareholder value. Finance theory also shows that firm managers cannot create value for shareholders, also called its investors, by taking on projects that shareholders could do for themselves at the same cost.

When applied to financial risk management, this implies that firm managers should not hedge risks that investors can hedge for themselves at the same cost. This notion was captured by the so-called "hedging irrelevance proposition": In a perfect market, the firm cannot create value by hedging a risk when the price of bearing that risk within the firm is the same as the price of bearing it outside of the firm. In practice, financial markets are not likely to be perfect markets.

This suggests that firm managers likely have many opportunities to create value for shareholders using financial risk management, wherein they have to determine which risks are cheaper for the firm to manage than the shareholders. Market risks that result in unique risks for the firm are commonly the best candidates for financial risk management.

The concepts of financial risk management change dramatically in the international realm. Multinational Corporations are faced with many different obstacles in overcoming these challenges. There has been some research on the risks firms must consider when operating in many countries, such as the three kinds of foreign exchange exposure for various future time horizons: transactions exposure, accounting exposure, and economic exposure.

Maps Financial risk management

Financial risk manager

FRM® (Certified Financial Risk Manager Program) is an international professional certification offered by GARP (The Global Association of Risk Professionals). FRM certificants are to be found in more than 190 countries and territories worldwide. Successful candidates take an average of two years to earn their FRM Certification. FRMs are employed at major banks (Bank of America, Bank of China, ICBC...) and corporates (Goldman Sachs, KPMG, Deloitte, PIMCO, JP Morgan, BlackRock..).

The FRM curriculum is updated annually by risk professionals employed internationally at major banks, asset management firms, hedge funds, consulting firms, and regulators. The Exam curriculum:

• The FRM Exam Part I covers the tools used to assess financial risk : Foundations of Risk Management, Quantitative Analysis, Financial Markets and Products, Valuation and Risk Models.
• The FRM Exam Part II focuses on the application of the tools acquired in the FRM Exam Part I through a deeper exploration of: Market Risk Measurement and Management, Credit Risk Measurement and Management, Operational and Integrated Risk Management, Risk Management and Investment Management, Current Issues in Financial Markets.

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See also

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Bibliography

• Crockford, Neil (1986). An Introduction to Risk Management (2nd ed.). Woodhead-Faulkner. ISBN 0-85941-332-2.
• Charles, Tapiero (2004). Risk and Financial Management: Mathematical and Computational Methods. John Wiley & Son. ISBN 0-470-84908-8.
• Conti, Cesare & Mauri, Arnaldo (2008). "Corporate Financial Risk Management: Governance and Disclosure post IFRS 7", Icfai Journal of Financial Risk Management, ISSN 0972-916X, Vol. V, n. 2, pp. 20-27.
• Lam, James (2003). Enterprise Risk Management: From Incentives to Controls. John Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-43000-1.
• McNeil, Alexander J.; Frey, Rüdiger; Embrechts, Paul (2005), Quantitative Risk Management. Concepts, Techniques and Tools, Princeton Series in Finance, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-12255-5, MR 2175089, Zbl 1089.91037
• van Deventer; Donald R.; Kenji Imai; Mark Mesler (2004). Advanced Financial Risk Management: Tools and Techniques for Integrated Credit Risk and Interest Rate Risk Management. John Wiley. ISBN 978-0-470-82126-8.

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References

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External links

• CERA - The Chartered Enterprise Risk Analyst Credential - Society of Actuaries (SOA)
• Financial Risk Manager Certification Program - Global Association of Risk Professional (GARP)
• Professional Risk Manager Certification Program - Professional Risk Managers' International Association (PRMIA)
• Managing a portfolio of stock and risk-free investments: a tutorial for risk-sensitive investors
• Risk Journals

Source of article : Wikipedia